I'm guessing you are referring to: Phrase structure rules.
This link should help you:
http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~bhatt/lin380l-f03/l2.pdf
Also, this article from Wikipedia explains the process more in depth--including adjectival phrases and prepositional phrases. Remember that this is recursive, so there is bound to be a place in the tree where you will revert to the basic NP (noun phrase) structure.
Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Good luck!