Quote:
Originally Posted by Andrew Whitehead  The book is a text; you pick it up, you read it, you put it down, and the text is exactly the same as it was before you picked it up. You have changed though. You hadn't read the text but now you have. You didn't know what ideas the text contained but now you do. |
We use the phrase "The book reads well" to express our
evaluation of the text: i.e. our opinion that the book has a particular quality.
Note the point I made earlier: the phrase requires an
adverbial, if it is to be comprehensible. We don't therefore say:
1. *The book reads.
This adverbial must relate to the
quality of the text; not e.g.
2. *The book reads minutely.
therefore, but e.g.
3. The book reads well.
Quote:
Originally Posted by Andrew Whitehead "Our garden is putting in order by a man..."
This is a writers device, that is common now and has been through recorded history. It basically involves using a grammatically suspect construction to attract attention. Dylan Thomas was good at this, and there are some good examples in his wonderful magnus opus "Under Milkwood" - 'pelicaned his food' for example. For this technique to work well, the ideas have to be congruent even though the grammar isn't. |
The relatively recent development (18th-19th centuries) of the passive present progressive is well attested.
Among readily available introductory texts on the history of English, David Crystal's "The Stories of English" has a section on the phenomenon.
If you don't have access to a copy, there are several online discussions of the subject:
here, for instance (see section 5, which interestingly includes the Austen example).
Before the arrival of the p.p.p., the active construction was used. For instance, Nesbit's 1898 grammar gives the example "The house is building", in the section "Verbs Active in form, but Passive in sense" (we would now say "The house is being built").
That's the construction Jane Austen uses, in the letter in question. You can find another case in Mansfield Park, Ch. XIV:
3. An enormous roll of green baize had arrived from Northampton...and was actually forming into a curtain
by the housemaids...
The presence of the agent ("by the housemaids") confirms that a passive sense is intended here.
Nesbit does not regard the active construction as "suspect", by the way, or a literary novelty: indeed, the p.p.p. was the "suspect" form, as the new arrival, in the early to mid 19th century.
MrP