Interesting question. Most experienced teachers just get a feeling of which words work best for beginning level students. Maybe all those classes filled with confused students staring blankly at the start of our careers!
Adjusting vocabulary and grammar to suit the ability level of the class is a very tough skill. Some people never become so good at it, perhaps because it takes a bit of empathy. Some teachers (who are still very good at what they do) really know what's going on in the heads of their students, and some teachers don't.
To answer your question, I would teach the following: hungry, angry and (maybe) omelet. I would get rid of: chauffeur, welder, and bloke. It comes down to frequency of usage. Although beginning level students might understand the meaning of all these words, are they likely to use these words in a conversation? Are they likely to hear the words in a conversation? At this level, it's best to give them tools which will get used immediately and regularly. (As a native speaker, I can't remember the last time I used "welder" in a conversation, but I'm sure I've used hungry and angry at some point this week.)
Chris Cotter
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