Hi pizzadude
This is in addition to David's help.
Because
could expresses a possibility, it can be used to express present, past, and future:
Present:
Could you pass me a pencil?
=> a polite request
Note that, speakers will also use
can.
Past:
I couldn't call you yesterday.
=> meaning, I wasn't able to.
Future:
I could call you tomorrow.
=> meaning, there is a possibility if (a) you so wish it or (b) I so wish it.
"Billy, could you pass that pencil to me?"

"Billy, can you pass that pencil to me?"

