Re: the present perfect from bosnia and not a teacher
As he pointed out 2006 had talked according to north-american grammar.
According to BrE grammar rules David Mortimer's absolutelly right.
In addition
Usually you use past simple if you are telling a story such as I went to a shop and bought a book.
It was written by J.J. simple past, passive voice
I read all the books he had written.
These books were interesting to me.
I enjoyed them very much. etc
You could have used present perfect here but in the first sentence only. I've gone to a shop and bought a book. (that could be a fact)
have gone and have bought are present perfect aspects.
In all the other sentences you should have used past simple except in the third one just to distinguish that he had written the books before you read it with a reasonable time distance of course. Pointing to the time when the books were written you went further trough the past.
You couldn't say It has been written in the second sentence for you already said the first one. So it was written (in the past). If the event happened in the past and has no any connection with the time of speaking you must use aspects which only describes pasts. (simple past, past continuous, past perfect, etc.. but not present perfect which may describe the past and the present at the same time. The present perfect aspect connects the past with the time of speaking directly or by some way, giving the direct result, for example) Present perfect doesn't automatically mean recently. Present perfect on it's own doesn't tell us anything about the time period. The time period is undefinite!
I've been there. (when? doesn't matter!!! what matters is that you've been there. That's all. You've told the fact. You could have been there 20 years ago or 20 minutes ago or just got back, the phrase is the same, I've been there! You could hav ebeen there for 10 minutes or 2 moths it doesn't matter again.) I've known him for 40 years.
It means I met him 40 years ago and have been knowing him for 40 years and up to now at the time of speaking. (of course I will be knowing him in the future as well but we do not care for the future when we use present perfect. It's a bit different when the present perfect continuous form is in use)
You've just told a fact that you've known him for 40 years. (of course up to the moment of speaking)
If you want that present perfect only point to the time of speaking you must add the word just
I've just done it. (you don't know how long I have been working) The only thing I am interested in to say about is that I've just done it.)
Look at the phrase
I've got it. BrE, means, I have it, when? Now!
etc..
It isn't possible to explain all about use of the present perfect aspect in one post. |