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Originally Posted by pb Thanks for your comment for the last message.
Still I have a question and need more of your help.^^
As I know, the present perfect tense refer to something which affects to the present situation. In that sense, I still don't understand how the present perfect tense can be used in a context which refer to the future behavior. (Simple present tense can refer to the future, I know but the present perfect tense also can refer to the fututure?)
For your memory, I will write the sentence here again.
Thanks a lot!
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Larry will call Sue after he has spoken to his mom. |
The present perfect part of that sentence "he has spoken to his mom" does not have future reference. The future reference is provided by "will call" and "after". The time when "he has spoken to his mom" is the base time. Things that happen after the base time are future with respect to the base time.