Native speakers think in terms of the verb's semantic structure or how many arguments/objects it requires. Everything else, except the subject, is just added information. For example,
Max
gave me a book. (Ditransitive: Direct Object + Indirect Object)
=> The reader and/or listener gets to 'give' then automatically looks for two objects.
The
named the dog "Spot". (Direct Object + Object Complement)
=> The reader and/or listener gets to "named" and automatically looks for the direct object and its complement.
Consider now,
enable, verb,
someone + to do something Quote:
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'What caused you to be ill?' and 'What caused you being ill' are not so different, are they? Perhaps their differences lie only in formality?
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'formality' plays an active role in many languages but its role isn't all that active in English, so try not to use it as a means to justify why this or that word, phrase or sentence doesn't seem to fit the frame, sort to speak.
[1] What caused you to be(come) ill?
Verb: cause, someone/something (to do/be . . .) The 'to do/be' part is optional, as in [2]:
[2] *What caused you being ill? (ungrammatical)
Try,
[3] What caused you
r illness?