[MrPedantic]

"Whom the gods love dies young" ("hon hoi theoi philousin apothneskei neos") – this appears in a play by the Greek playwright Menander, but is perhaps better known in Plautus' Latin version: "Quem di diligunt adulescens moritur". The English version can be found in Canto IV of the poem Don Juan, by the poet Byron.

As has been said, there were many Greek gods: hence the plural. (There is no need for a capital G in "gods".)

The whole clause "Whom the gods love" serves as the subject of "dies". The use of this structure with a object pronoun is a little unusual in English, though common enough in Latin and Greek, where no subject pronoun is required. Some translators prefer the perhaps more idiomatic "He whom the gods love dies young".

MrP