Re: Difference between "My friend" and "A friend of mine"
There is not a lot of difference.
Some people will tell you that if you say "He is my friend" it sounds like you have only one friend, and he is that one friend. I don't agree. To me, though, it does sound you think you may have told me about him before.
you: So I was talking to Daniel...
me: Wait, who is Daniel?
you: He's my friend from art class. I told you about him. The guy with the green hair?
me: Right, I remember.
Compared to:
you: So I was talking to Daniel...
me: Wait, who is Daniel?
you: Oh, he's a friend of mine. So anyway...
I'm not a teacher, but I write for a living. Please don't ask me about 2nd conditionals, but I'm a safe bet for what reads well in (American) English.