as

[Allen165]

"She has strong language skills, which she has refined by working as a translator, and plenty of experience."

I'm wondering if one could leave out "by working." It might be implicit in "as." What do you think?
Thanks!

[BobK]

It makes it clear that the meaning is not '"She has strong language skills, which - because she is a translator - she has refined'. The word 'as' can do a lot, but for this reason its context must make it clear what sort of 'as' you mean. In this case, the sentence would probably be interpreted correctly, but in my view the 'by working' makes it more readable.

b