This is about the difference between ancient children and modern children in terms of obedience in response to punishment. What does "sophisticated" mean? Is it complicated or knowledgeable? And what is "aware"? also knowledgeable?
ex)...Punishment in the past was used to break a strong-willed child. Although it may have worked to create obedience, it doesn't work today. Children are now more sophisticated and aware. They recognize what is unfair and abusive and will not tolerate it...
They know (= aware) more about the issues of fairness and abuse and have a more complex, nuanced (= sophisticated) view of these issues, so simple punishment will not achieve the results it used to. Others may interpret it in different ways, but this is what it means to me here.