The members of the new commune carried on with their farm work while they submitted to the harsh discipline of military training and ideological indoctrination.
(H. Murakami; 1Q84)
Is it possible to read it in two ways:
1) the harsh discipline of military training and [the harsh discipline of] ideological indoctrination.
2) [they submitted to] the ideological indoctrination and harsh discipline of military training.
Thanks.
Yes, it is.
Context is always important; labelling is rarely important.
Which is the most probable reading, or is it a matter of personal preference?
For me, the second one. But I'm sure my opinion is not universal.
I'm not a teacher, but I write for a living. Please don't ask me about 2nd conditionals, but I'm a safe bet for what reads well in (American) English.