Which one is the answer? (plz help ㅠㅠ)

[juliana0403]

Please read the below paragraph and find out the correct answer.

Also, I don't get the red-colored phrases in an answer choice '4'.

Article II of the United States Constitution states that only natural-born citizens of the United States who have attained the age of 35 years and who have resided in the United States for 14 years may become President. The 22nd Amendment to the Constitution imposes a two-term limit for this office by declaring that a person can be elected for two four-year terms only, but that when a person acts as President for no more than two years for which he or she was not elected, such as when a Vice-President succeeds a President, he or she may be elected twice after completing the former President's term.


1. Which person of the following can not become President of the United States?
① A 38-year-old man born in the United States.
② A 40-year-old naturalized citizen who has lived in the United States for 25 years.
③ A 45-year-old woman born of parents who were U.S. citizens.
④ A 60-year-old woman who was born in Japan of parents who were citizens of the United States and who has lived in the United States for 20 years.

[Casiopea]

Hello, juliana.

only natural-born citizens of the United States
=> 'natural-born' here means, born in the USA. However, the semantics are somewhat fuzzy <see note below>.

who have attained the age of 35 years
=> You must be 35 years old or older, you must not be younger than 35

who have resided in the United States for 14 years
=> You have to have lived in the USA for at least 14 years, no less

1. Which person of the following can not become President of the United States?
① A 38-year-old man born in the United States.
=> He is over 35 and he was born in the USA

② A 40-year-old naturalized citizen who has lived in the United States for 25 years.
=> A naturalized citizen is not born in the USA.

③ A 45-year-old woman born of parents who were U.S. citizens.
=> Only if she was born in the USA.

④ A 60-year-old woman who was born in Japan of parents who were citizens of the United States and who has lived in the United States for 20 years.
=> She was not born in the USA.


Who Is A "Natural Born" Citizen? And Who Is "Born in the United States"?

The authors incisively examine the "natural born" clause in the broader - and perhaps even more confounding -- context of the Twelfth, Fourteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-Fifth Amendments.

Congress has never defined the meaning of the Constitution's phrase "natural born"; instead, by 1795, its members had simply stopped using the term. Thus, it is hopeless to look to usage for any guide to the phrase's meaning.

Nor will other provisions of the Constitution illuminate its meaning - as Duggin and Collins explain. The Fourteenth Amendment, for instance, seems as if it might be helpful - but turns out not to be.

Adopted in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment stipulates that "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States…." This language raises a number of questions. One is what the relationship - if any - of "natural born" to "born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof" may be. Another is just what "born…in the United States" and "subject to the jurisdiction" of the United States might mean.

Senator Barry Goldwater, who ran for president in 1964, was born in the Arizona Territory in 1909, before statehood. Was he "born in the United States"? The authors believe that under early American common law, and given the Congressional intent underlying the Fourteenth Amendment, that "Senator Goldwater was probably safe in seeking the presidency." (Emphasis added). So too, they conclude, for anyone born in Alaska before January 3, 1959 or Hawaii before August 21, 1959 - their dates of statehood, respectively.


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