A view from the UK:
1 Agreed
2 '... or ten after'? 10 past 
3 Agreed, although I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer implies
4 Depends on the meaning.ago if the time of speaking is two days beforehand.
before if the time of speaking is more than two days beforehand.
Since his son’s arrest, two days ago [counting from the time of reporting], he hadn’t slept very much
Since his son’s arrest, two days before, he hadn’t slept very much [but now time has passed, his sleep patterns have got back to normal]
5 Children's governesses, like Mary Poppins, had to be rather prim and proper.
b