Tense refers to the time when the action of the verb occurs. The action can occur in one of three time periods: past, present, or future. They form a time line.
Ex: I ate, I eat, I will eat.
Aspect refers to the time when the action of the verb occurs either across or between those periods. That is, the times on the time line can be extended (progressive aspect) or combined (perfect aspect):
Progressive aspect
The action is continuous.
Ex: When Sam called, I was eating.
Perfect aspect
The action happened at some unknown time between then, the past, and now, the present time of speaking.
Ex: I have eaten today.
There are more examples here:
Verb - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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