 Re: what is the difference
The difference lies in the meanings for the word "church", which is both the physical structure and "The Church" - the whole Christian construct or any of its various denominations, their beliefs and the rites conducted by them.
By saying "I usually go to church on Friday", you are not merely saying "I go to that building on the corner which is the local church", you are also saying "I am going to take part in an act of worship".
So far as I am aware, "mosque", "synagogue" and "temple" do not bear the same connotations. They are always the physical structure.
If this is not the case, I would be very interested to know how they are used in connection with the various religious expressions. | 
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