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Originally Posted by fab54 Hi teachers!
A)Situation :"I had to pay a tax (I don't know if it's the right word) to the library otherwise I couldn't loan other books". So if I want to tell that to a friend (the tax is already payed) using "until" should I say
1) I couldn't take/loan books until I PAY the tax or
2) I couldn't take/loan books until I HAD PAYED the tax or
3) I couldn't take/loan books until I PAYED the tax |
A. I wasn't able to take books out
until I had paid the overdue charges.
Sentence A. expresses a connection between two events: (Event 1) wasn't able to take books out and (Event 2) I had paid the charges. The second event happened first (i.e., unless/before or after). That is, the 'have -ed' structure expresses the following: (Note, they mean the same thing)
First I paid the charges and then I was able to take books out.
Before I was able to take out books, I had paid the charges.
I was able to take out books
after I had paid the charges.
In sentence B. below, the simple past expresses a fact or a general truth, something like,
unless:
B. I wasn't able to take books out
until (i.e., unless) I paid the overdue charges.
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Originally Posted by fab54 1) You are not going out you have finished your homework
2) You are not going out you finish your homework |
2) You are not going out
until/unless you finish your homework.
1) You are not going out
until/before you have finished your homework.
until 
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