In this sense, it means basically to "line up as if for a battle." Britain and France are fighting (diplomatically, not militarily) over a controversy, so they are "arrayed against each other" in a sense.
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It is an odd use of the word, but looking at the source of this extract, it does appear to mean that Britain is put into a position of confronting France over the issue of allowing American planes to overfly en route to Syria.
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