1. and 2. have the same meaning in North American English:
1. I will call you
up.
2. I will call you.
3.
I need to make a phone call. (Adjective + noun)
Cf. I need to make a call. I need to make a phone call (to my) home.
5. I need to make a call home. (direct object + indirect object)
Cf. I need to make a home.

I need to make a (to my) home.
6. I need to make a call, home. If the sentence is written, the comma would not be added because it separates the indirect object 'home' from its verb 'to make', but if the sentence is spoken, the comma acts as a pause in thought, to add information: 'home' is added information: I need to make a call, pause (That is, I need to make a call to my) home.