Some symbols do have names. Some are just letters from various alphabets. From the Latin alphabet:
m em
t tee
From the Greek alphabet
θ theta
From the Old English Latin alphabet:
ð eth
æ ash
But there are others that have names.
ʒ ezh
ʃ esh
ŋ eng
ʌ turned v
ɔ open o
Search Wikipedia if you want a more complete list.