1, Use Do in a Yes/No question with subject pronouns such as You/They/We/I or plural nouns. Use Does with subject pronouns such as She/He/It (singular third persons). We are using simple present tense here. The verbs we use here will be ordinary verbs other than to be, can, could, will..etc.." Do they eat/drink/work/sleep...here?". Do also can be used to emphasize in: "I do like her"...and Do/Does are used in place of other verbs in replying Yes/No questions: "Do you understand what I am saying?" _ "Yes, I do!".( NOT 'Yes, I understand"
2, Am, Are and Is come from verb To Be.
I will put it this easy way for you to understand:
We put these verbs at the beginning of an Yes/No question : "Am I your friend?" ( Am always goes with I ) "Are you/We/They...Chinese ?" ( Chinese here is the Complement part in the sentence. The complement could be a Noun, Pronoun, an Adjective, Adverb of place, a past participle Adjective or a Present participle Adjective ) " Is He/She/It....? Yes, he / she/ it is or No, he / she/ it isn't.