What policy makers ultimately decide to do may depend on how far the results of the recent study are judged to be an accurate reflection of the general situation. Cecilia Reynolds empasizes that gender differences are statistical, with significant numbers of individuals everywhere not following the general trend. I can't understand the meaning of the underlined part. Will you please explain it for me?
NOT A TEACHER
(1) Your excellent question reminded me of a famous quotation:
There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics.
(a) NOTES:
(i) When I was younger, "damned" was considered a naughty word. Today it is
allowed to be said and written, but it is
still not a good idea to use it in polite society.
(ii) The quotation is attributed to Benjamin Disraeli, one of Queen Victoria's first
ministers.
(2) So I think that the gist (main point) of your sentence is that statistics are not
always accurate. In other words, you can always count things so that the numbers
support what you want to support.
(a) Let's say that you go to one ice cream store and notice that 25 ladies buy
strawberry ice cream, and 75 gentlemen buy vanilla ice cream. You might then
say that your statistics prove that most ladies do not like vanilla ice cream.
But you went to only one store. Maybe if you had gone to more stores, you would
have gotten different results.
(3) Here in the United States, we are often given numbers that are later proven to
be wrong. Certain groups find ways to make up false numbers so that they can then
get money from the government or favorable publicity from the media (newspapers, TV
stations, websites, etc.).
(4) As first minister Disraeli reminded us, statistics are often lies or less than the
whole truth. For example, let's say that country X says that only 1,000 soldiers were
killed in a fight. Maybe country X does not say that 3,000 more soldiers who were
wounded in the fight later died when they returned home. Therefore, the true number
was 4,000 dead, but the government told the "truth" when it reported that "only" 1,000
soldiers had actually died on the battlefield.
(5) Your words in bold, then, mean something like:
According to the collected statistics, there are differences between females and
males in certain areas, but in real life many females and males do NOT behave as the
statistics say they do. So policymakers must be careful not to pass laws based on
faulty statistics. In other words, always be suspicious of numbers. You should always
ask "Who collected those numbers?" "How did they collect those numbers?" "Why
did they collect those numbers?"