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an Internet opinion =colleagues are people who work in the same field as you -- like teachers not working at your school or police officers who work in other districts or other places -- for co-workers --- people you work with at your place of work those are your co-workers because they work in the same place as you.
I tried to add a writing where a woman called her coworkers in her company's executive meeting "colleagues", and the following definition quite doesn't match the writing, so I think you are absolutely right.
an Internet opinion =colleagues are people who work in the same field as you -- like teachers not working at your school or police officers who work in other districts or other places -- for co-workers --- people you work with at your place of work those are your co-workers because they work in the same place as you.
In AmEa coworker is someone in the same company and probably building, but not necessarily the same position. A colleague is in your same field, in particular a professional field (law, education, medicine, etc).