navi tasan
Key Member
- Joined
- Nov 19, 2002
- Member Type
- Academic
- Native Language
- Persian
- Home Country
- Iran
- Current Location
- United States
Which are correct:
1-The dog attacked me without my seeing it.
Meaning: The dog attacked me before I had seen it.
2-The dog barked at me without my noticing it.
Meaning: The dog barked at me before I had noticed it.
3-The dog barked at me without my having noticed it.
Meaning: The dog barked at me before I had noticed it.
4-Tom shouted at me without my provoking him.
In '1' I obviously see the dog when he starts attacking me and in '2' and '3' I notice him when he starts barking. Maybe in these 'started barking' would work better than 'barked' (although this could imply a single bark).
I think '4' is fine. I have doubts about the rest.
Gratefully,
Navi.
1-The dog attacked me without my seeing it.
Meaning: The dog attacked me before I had seen it.
2-The dog barked at me without my noticing it.
Meaning: The dog barked at me before I had noticed it.
3-The dog barked at me without my having noticed it.
Meaning: The dog barked at me before I had noticed it.
4-Tom shouted at me without my provoking him.
In '1' I obviously see the dog when he starts attacking me and in '2' and '3' I notice him when he starts barking. Maybe in these 'started barking' would work better than 'barked' (although this could imply a single bark).
I think '4' is fine. I have doubts about the rest.
Gratefully,
Navi.