Not normally, but there are cases where they can.
"I wrote several pages of notes at the lecture last week. Now I can't find the sheets of paper that I wrote them on." You can't write the papers there.
"They said I had to bring my birth certificate and marriage certificate, but when I got to the office, nobody asked to see my papers." Here, papers refers to official documents. In many countries, police officers can demand documents from people. If that's happening in a foreign film, the sub-titles will have the officer say "Papers, please." This convention doesn't exist in any Anglophone countries I know of, but if it did, that's the phrase you'd expect to hear.