[Grammar] To have been V3/ed

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Truongduc258

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Hello everyone, I'm learning English and I want to know the usage of "to have been V3/ed" structure. Thanks for your support.
For example:
[FONT=&quot]The last paragraph appeared to have been added to the contract as an afterthought.[/FONT]
 

Rover_KE

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That's fine. You've got it right.
 

5jj

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I want to know the usage of "to have been V3/ed" structure. .
When a verb is followed by a to- infinitive, that infinitive may be, depending on the time referred to:

present infinitive, active voice: He appears to dislike fish.
present progressive infinitive, active voice: He appears to be working in Germany.
perfect infinitive, active voice: He appears to have finished.
perfect progressive infinitive, active voice: He appears to have been working too hard.

present infinitive, passive voice: He appears to be hated by everybody.
present progressive infinitive, passive voice: He appears to be being cheated.
perfect infinitive, passive voice: He appears to have been sacked.
perfect progressive infinitive, passive voice (rare): He appears to have been being followed.
 

5jj

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Note that the so-called perfect infinitive functions as the infinitive equivalent of perfect and past aspect/tense forms:

It appears that he has finished - He appears to have finished.
It appears that he finished yesterday - He appears to have finished yesterday.
 
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