I've no idea where this 'syllabi' monstrosity comes from - well, I have, really. Most latin nouns ending in
-us are in the second declension, and have the plural
-i.
Syllabus is in the fourth (because, as you say, it is derived from Greek), and has the plural
syllabūs:
Latin Nouns of the Fourth Declension - Endings,
AskOxford: What are the plurals of 'octopus', 'hippopotamus', 'syllabus'?
Fortunately for my blood-pressure, the erroneous
syllabi is becoming less common because of the rise of 'syllabuses'. Use that, and in the presence of Latin scholars, if you must, use
syllabūs.
b