[Grammar] It is always the basic materials which constitutes the object and which,

[ambitious-girl]

Hello all,

First, I have to say that I am sorry for making the book untidy and difficult to read.

Anyway, I have tow questions for you, according to what I have attached.

First: In paragraph B, line #1, Is the sentence below a cleft-sentence? and are these two sentence equivalent?

It is always the basic material which constitutes the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes older.

It is always the basic material which constitutes the object and (it is always the basic materials) which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes older.


Second: In paragraph C, line #1, Do the second "as" mean "while" or "because"?


Source: IELTS Cambridge 8, Test 3, Passage 3

 

[teechar]

I have [STRIKE]tow[/STRIKE] two questions for you

First: In paragraph B, line #1, is the sentence below a cleft-sentence, and are these two sentences equivalent?

It is always the basic materials which constitutes the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes older.

It is always the basic materials which constitutes the object and (it is always the basic materials) which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes older.

Yes, and yes.

Second: In paragraph C, line #1, does the second "as" mean "while" or "because"?

It means because.

 

[GoesStation]

The transcription has an agreement error.
If you correct materials to material, as the original says, you'll fix the error.