past and present participle

[tungsam]

can i know how to use has/had brought?I've been struggling with this problem since last year......

 

[Barb_D]

Hi, and welcome to Using English.

Have you studied present perfect and past perfect?

Take a look here and here:

There are some quizzes here on Using English you can test yourself with.

 

[tungsam]

thx a lot

 

[Raymott]

can i know how to use has/had brought?I've been struggling with this problem since last year......

Also, be aware that, for the verb "to have", 'had' is the past participle, 'having' is the present participle, and "have, has" are not participles at all.

'has' is used as an auxiliary in the present perfect tense, but 'has' is not the present participle. "had" is.
'had' is used as an auxiliary in the past perfect tense, but 'had' is not the past participle, unless the main verb is also "have".
Each verb (generally) has only one past participle, which is used in all perfect tenses.

In the constructions, "has brought" and "had brought", the past participle is "brought", not any form of "have". "Has, had" are auxiliaries in this case.