bmo said:
Great. Thanks, that make it so simple since they are all correct.
But my English teacher (I am taking an Advanced Grammar for ESL students this summer) said the fifth one should be a simple past.
Well, I am kind of confused myself, why the following are both correct:
1. I was a teacher before coming to the States, and
2. I had been a teacher before coming to the States.
I thought only No. 2 is correct, because it is a past perfect before a simple past.
BMO
We get this question often. English grammar allows us two ways to stage past events. One is to use the past perfect tense for the earlier action. The other is to use preopsitions or adverbs or conjunctions of time to clearly lay out the sequence.
Your examples really don't have a simple past. Try this:
I graduated from college when I lived in Iowa. (graduated in Iowa)
I had graduated from college when I lived in Iowa. (graduated before Iowa)
I graduated from college before I lived in Iowa. (graduated before Iowa)
I had graduated from college before I lived in Iowa. (graduated before Iowa)
I chose "when" in #1 as a neutral because it is often not clear all by itself.
The next three use the past perfect, a time clue, and both, respectively.
I would accept all three as correct. All are clear enough, but notice that #3 and #4 are little clearer than #2. This is because the conjunction "before" leaves no doubt.
Some grammarians will say that #4 is the most correct, and I have no objection to it. But it is hard to say anything neagtive against #3. It is up to you. Either use the past perfect and a clear timing clue or use the simple past with a clear timing clue. Most will be very happy with either choice. :wink:
