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Mr. Michael Swan's book is Practical English Usage. I think thatQuote:
Originally Posted by ostap77
many English learners (and native speakers like me) find it very helpful.
He does not use a lot of technical terms. He just tells you how the
language is used.
NOT A TEACHERQuote:
Originally Posted by ostap77
(1) It is an old book, so I think that it may be very difficult to find.
(2) It was written in 1931 by Professor George O. Curme. It is entitled
A Grammar of the English Language. It consists of two volumes.
It is a masterpiece. He explains the historical background of English
grammar with many examples. It is a "must" for any serious student of
English grammar. Maybe a good library might have copies.
I've just downloaded Michael Swan's "Practical English Usage". What page is it on which he explains how to use " Past Perfect Progressive with Present Perfect"?Quote:
Originally Posted by TheParser
NOT A TEACHERQuote:
Originally Posted by ostap77
(1) I do not think that we were discussing the past perfect progressive
with the present perfect.
(2) In any case, I have the 1995 Oxford University Press edition.
(3) The index says that sections (not pages) 418 - 420 discuss the use
of the present perfect.
Instead of "since I have seen you" we can say
since I met you, since I had a word with you, since I saw you, since we had the meeting etc.
But maybe "since I've seen you" means "since that event".
Who would understand natives!;-):-D
I think you mean "native English speakers."Quote:
Originally Posted by e2e4
I have been following this thread refraining myself not to reply in order not to disturb or muddle the discussion. But now I feel I must say some words.
We all love the English language, that is a fact. But we know there is a huge difference between prescriptive and descriptive grammar!
There is no such thing as right or wrong in such a simple form. Language is an interesting phenomenon we study - we observe it; we are curious about it. People communicate among themselves using language, there is no a priori "rule" about it. But we, as human beings, try to find out the secrets (that is the "rules") hidden under the language phenomena. Therefore we model language; currently there are many different models at our disposal, some good and some not so good, but none perfect. The "rules" of language are to be discovered and understood by us, not to rule our/their way of speaking telling right from wrong, it is the opposite. If English speakers say something in such and such a way, that is correct by definition; if we don't understand the reasons we should work harder and enhance our models. Our aim is to understand why he speaks that way, not the other way around.
Of course the same is true for any other language besides English.
But of course!!Quote:
Originally Posted by e2e4
Quote:
Originally Posted by Abstract Idea
Here are some grammar rules from one of the TheParser's posts
(3) Here is some more from that grammarian:
It is/has been 4 years since I have studied it. (refers to an action in
the past)
It is/has been 4 years that I have studied it. (the action continues)
What would be the rule when to use Presebt Perfect with since?
Judging from these examples If I say "since I have seen her", it will refer to an action in the past, whereas If I say " that I have seen her", it will refer to the present.
" She's been in New York since I have seen her." (It would mean that all this time she's been living in New Yor since we last met and talked.)
OR
" She's been in New York that I have seen her."( It would mean that all this time she's been living in New York and I keep on seeing her on a regular basis)
"She's been in New York since I have seen her." You have the present perfect in the first part of the sentence, this gives you your time-line, the present perfect is not appropriate in the second part,Quote:
Originally Posted by ostap77
"She has (she's) been in New York since I last saw her" this means that since you last saw her she has been in New York continuously, she has been staying there.
"She has been to New York since I last saw her" means that since the last time you saw her she has visited New York, she is no longer there.
So we can't use Present Perfect in the second part of the sentence after "since" to state a fact in the past. What about the rules given by TheParser?Quote:
Originally Posted by bhaisahab
As I live in Greece, I feel qualified to correct your usage of this Greek word. "Phenomena" is the plural form of "phenomenon".Quote:
Originally Posted by Abstract Idea