~ing vs ~ed

[ddablo]

(_________ ) to remain the unconcerned observer, Larry rejects Susan's demands for some emotional response.

(a) Determining
(b) Determined
(c) Having determined
(d) Having been determined


Please tell me the right answer of the question and explain why.

[allenman]

(_________ ) to remain the unconcerned observer, Larry rejects Susan's demands for some emotional response.

(a) Determining
(b) Determined
(c) Having determined
(d) Having been determined


Please tell me the right answer of the question and explain why.

Looks like homework so I won't give you the answer. Instead, propose which answer you think is correct and substantiate your response and see what the forum reply is.

Not a teacher -- AmE native

[ddablo]

Looks like homework so I won't give you the answer. Instead, propose which answer you think is correct and substantiate your response and see what the forum reply is.

Not a teacher -- AmE native

Oh, I'm not a student, allenman. I'm just the one who is interested in English.
Actually my book, whose author is non native speaker, says the answer is (b) but I think (a) also might be the correct answer.
That was why I posted this question.
Could you possibly answer me this question with grammatical explanation?

[Bennevis]

I agree with b being the correct answer. It immediately comes to mind when you first see this sentence. The guy is determined = He's made up his mind. Any other option would be just wrong. What you need to consider here is the way such words are normally used in English. This comes with experience. I guess, in the end, it's all about reading quality literature.

[Gentle Nguyen]

I’m not a teacher.

Like you, I choose (a) determining

When there are two actions with the same subject in one sentence (including main clause and dependent clause), we can use:
- V-ing form to start dependent clause: if the two actions happen at the same time
- V-ed form / past participle to start dependent clause: in passive voice.

The original sentence:

Because Larry determines to remain the unconcerned observer (dependent clause), Larry rejects Susan's demands for some emotional response (main clause)

is changed to:

Determining to remain the unconcerned observer, Larry rejects Susan's demands for some emotional response.

That’s for your reference.

[5jj]

I agree with b being the correct answer. It immediately comes to mind when you first see this sentence. The guy is determined = He's made up his mind. Any other option would be just wrong.

It is correct, but it is not the only possible answer:

e voice.

The original sentence:

Because Larry determines to remain the unconcerned observer (dependent clause), Larry rejects Susan's demands for some emotional response (main clause)

is changed to:

Determining to remain the unconcerned observer, Larry rejects Susan's demands for some emotional response.

I agree.

[Raymott]

a, b, and c work. b is the most likely.

[ddablo]

Thank you for all the above answers.
By the way, are there any differences of meaning between (a) and (b)?
It looks like they are similar.

[5jj]

Thank you for all the above answers.
By the way, are there any differences of meaning between (a) and (b)?
It looks like they are similar.

There are differences . Gentle Nguyen explained the meaning of (a), Bennevis that of (b).

[ddablo]

There are differences . Gentle Nguyen explained the meaning of (a), Bennevis that of (b).

Thanks for helping me, fivejedjon.