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I was taught that the word following a colon should always begin with a capital letter, yet this is not what is commonly done. What is the rule, or is there one?
It's definitely not true to say that the word should be capitalised automatically. In British English, it's more common to use lower case, but here are some rules for American English: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm
Capital letter after a colon 
Linear Mode
