Three participles appearing in the same form.

[QUOTE=Roro]

<Hello M56, ambiguous as it stands, in my humble opinion, in English. Context disambiguates it quite easily, I guess.>

Not always.

[Roro]

Maybe!

(I gather from your previous posts you'd insist that it's always ambiguous, and should be termed as an adjectival passive or an agentless passive, I guess.) ...non?...

Quite innovative and unconventional, seems like...

Originally Posted by Roro

Maybe!

(I gather from your previous posts you'd insist that it's always ambiguous, and should be termed as an adjectival passive or an agentless passive, I guess.) ...non?...

Not at all. I mainly point out that there is ambiguity between a verbal and adjectival reading of some past participle constructions. Do you disagree?

There are many ways to disambiguate:

"The window was broken."

Break is a dynamic verb, so the "by" phrase is not acceptable here:

*"The window remained broken by vandals."

But in, "He was worried by the prospect." (adjectival), "worried" is stative, and so "by" is permitted.

Here, "broken" is adjectival and stative:

"The window remained broken." (adjectival. stative.)

Replace "be" for a complex-intransitive verb (there "remained")

[AlainK]

...and while we're at it:

What is "legged" in "a three-legged stool"

There is no such verb as "to wretch", so what about "wretched"? Is it a past "nominal" participle?

"...too small to be seen with the naked eye." No noun or verb "nake" ("How about naking, huh?" )

[Roro]

Hello Alain, hello M56

You might as well do without 'remain', M56?
(Since we are discussing about 'be+p.p.' form, aren't we.)

Originally Posted by Roro

Hi,

No, no.
There are some criteria with regard to the treatment of 'grammaticalized form,' as far as I know. And we cannot apply them to 'remain+p.p.' form. I just wanted to say so.

If you are interested, I'll try to expand on it a bit more, in PM, if you like.

What function would you say "was" and "remained" have below?

The window was broken.

The window remained broken.

Originally Posted by Roro

Hello Alain, hello M56

You might as well do without 'remain', M56?
(Since we are discussing about 'be+p.p.' form, aren't we.)

Why should I do without it?

[Roro]

Because we are dealing with 'be+p.p.' form here.

'remain +p.p.' does not form a grammatical unit.

......Good morning.....

Google:

10,200 English pages for "remained broken".

Originally Posted by Casiopea

"The window remained broken" does sound a wee bit odd to me. But dialect variation could be at play here.

M56, what's a "complex-intransitive" verb? The reason I ask, if intransitive verbs don't require an object, then what's "complex" about their structure?

Ah, now you neeed something form "vacuous" M56, eh? I'll think on it.