Stress: is the power that we put on the syllable to make it longer and stronger , i.e. to make the syllable prominent distinguished.
There are four items decide the place of stress: *Grammar : lexical & functional word. *Word class . *Number of syllables. *Morphology : simple & complex. Lexical & Functional Words
Almost the functional words are weakened. But in four situation they are given stress : * If they are at the end of the sentence: e.g. It is 'you. *When they are contrasted : e.g. It is from 'him not to 'him.. *When they are emphasis : e.g. It’s 'him who told me. *When they are cited or quoted: e.g. You never put “'and” at the end of a sentence. Word class & Number of syllable:-
The word with a syllable:- is stressed . Words with two syllables :-
_ Verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, nouns : if the final syllable is having long vowel or diphthong or ends with more than one consonant, we get it stress . If it’s not; check the syllable before. e.g. 'doctor a'long Words with three syllables :-
_ Verb , adverb : start checking the final syllable, if it is having long vowel or diphthong or ends with more than one consonant, we get it stress . If it’s not; check the syllable before. _ Nouns , adjective : start checking the first syllable, if it is having long vowel or diphthong or ends with more than one consonant, we get it stress . If it’s not ; check the next syllable. _ Some suffixes carry the stress:
ese -- Ja pa'nese ain -- ee -- re fu 'gee eer -- mou n tia 'neer ette -- ci ga 'rette eque -- pic tu 'resque _ Some suffixes don’t effect in the stress of the original word.
ish -- 'de vi lish ing -- co 'cer ning ful -- 'beau ti ful en -- 'spo ken age -- 'an cho rage able -- 'com for ta ble al -- re 'fu sal _ Some suffixes don’t carry the stress, but effect in the stress of the word, i.e. words end with these suffixes , the syllable preceded these suffixes carries the stress:
eous -- ad van 'ta geous graph -- pho 'to graph ail -- pro 'ver bial ic -- cli 'ma tic (s/t )ion -- in for 'ma tion ion -- per 'fec tion ent -- pro 'mi nent ance -- im' por tance ive -- re 'fle xive _ Some words end with the suffixes below , count three syllable from the end of the word, the third is stressed (antipenttimate):
ity ly y Compound Word:-
The general rule is the first element carry the stress . But sometimes thestress moves to the second element : _ If the first element is a number. e.g. four-'wheels. _ If the first element is adjective and the second ends with (ed). e.g. bad-'tempered. _ If the compound word is functioned as an adverb. e.g. South-'East. _ If the compound word is functioned as a verb. e.g. ill-'treat.