questions in phonetics and phonology

[blueladysw]

hi, i want to ask what's the difference between lenis and fortis?and why do we use them instead of voiceless and voiced terms respectively
why do we call /w,r,j/ sounds as glides?and also approximants or semi vowels
why /p,t,k/ are called vioceless and strong what's voiceless and strong about or voiced and weak
why/h/ is called voiceless vowel phonetically,and /h/ consonant phonologocally
is the sound at the end of sing a phoneme
are the initial sounds in chin and gem are one phoneme
difference between phonemic transcription and phonetic transcription
when is a sound devoiced why
is the glottal stop a phoneme
how many phonemes are there in the triphthongs
difference between dialect and accent
why /w,j,r/ sound like vowels but function as consonants
meanings of phonetics and phonologyanswer me soon

[Soup]

1. What's the difference between lenis and fortis?
2. Why do we use them instead of voiceless and voiced terms respectively?
Click Fortis and lenis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


3. Why do we call /w,r,j/ sounds as glides?
The tongue glides.

4. Why approximants?
They approximate the sound.

5. Why semi-vowel?
You can sing/hold them.

6. Why are /p,t,k/ called vioceless and strong?
Voiceless: the vocal folds don't vibrate.
Strong: air pressure builds and is then released.

7. What's voiced and weak?
Voiced: the vocal folds vibrate.
Weak: air pressure doesn't build.

8. Why is /h/ called voiceless vowel phonetically, and /h/ consonant phonologocally?
Phonetically: because its manner of articulation involves air through an open glottis, like a vowel.
Phonologically: it doesn't contrast with vowels; that it, it's never found in a vocalic position.

9. Is the sound at the end of sing a phoneme?
Yes. It's a sound of English. It's called a velar-nasal.

10. Are the initial sounds in chin and gem one phoneme.
No. Evidence: chin vs gin; they contrast. That is, change the first sound in chin and you get a new word.


11. What is the difference between phonemic transcription and phonetic transcription?
Phonetic = speech sound; phonemic = the patterns of those sounds; where they can and cannot occur.

12. When is a sound devoiced?
When it sits between two voiceless sounds or sometimes at the end of a word.

13. Is the glottal stop a phoneme?
It can be, yes.

14. How many phonemes are there in the triphthongs?
Usually two. There are two noticeable changes in QUALITY during a syllable.

15. What's the difference between dialect and accent?
Example: In Shanghai, China, people speak the local dialect with various accents; e.g., Shanghainese with a French accent; Shanghainese with a Japanese accent.

16. Why are /w,j,r/ sound like vowels but function as consonants.
They sit in consonant positions.

17. What are the meanings of phonetics and phonology?
Phonetics vs. Phonology

[BobK]

Wow

A couple of additions on the subject of 8/9 and 13:

8/9 It's useful to learn and use phonemic script. Go to Phonemic symbols | Teaching English | British Council | BBC - this will make it easy to tell what the phonemes are in "chin/gin", "sing" and so on. Download this Phonemic chart | Teaching English | British Council | BBC

'13. Is the glottal stop a phoneme?
It can be, yes.'

Can be; in some languages it is, and in some dialects of English it is. It's not a phoneme of standard English, and it's useful in an advanced student's passive repertoire - speech sounds that s/he can recognize.

b