There are many different approaches to language training. However, there is one common thread: learner-focused activities. This means that people learning English should learn through exploration and discovery, not through rote memorization.
Presentation – Practice – Production
One of the long-standing approaches to
TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and
TEFL /
TESL (Teaching English as a Foreign / Second Language) has been the presentation, practice and production model of learning. In a typical class like this, learners are presented with a conversation starter like a picture or object and encouraged to use as much English as possible to describe that object. New vocabulary is presented and the conversation lasts about 15 minutes.
Then, the learners are given a task to practice the new vocabulary (or grammar, etc.). This could be a role play or a piece of music. Sometimes we will hand out words to a song with some blanked out (gap text) and as the learners listen, they have to figure out what they are singing. Those are really fun classes.
Then the learners move into production, where they produce the language in different contexts. These are learner-centered activities where they can do anything from a simple writing task to producing their own television program. Some of these activities can be pretty elaborate, especially in high school.
Total Physical Response (TPR)
Another "old-school" method is TPR (Total Physical Response), which usually works best with beginners and children. In a typical TPR session, the teacher won't say anything at all. Instead, she will act out the word – usually a verb or a preposition like "run" or "up and down", to give a rudimentary example. The learners will mimic the action and repeat the word. Since many people are tactile, kinesthetic and visual learners, it stands to reason that TPR would serve well in a diversified learning environment.