Listening obstacles pertaining to spoken-word recognition

Learners reported the obstacles in strategy use that were complicated by spoken-word recognition problems. Some, like learners were having trouble with the matching task between the pronunciation of the spoken words and the words they already knew. Others, like learners were unable to recall the meanings of the spoken words. And, there were also learners who experienced both obstacles. Any friend can give me some good idea? Thanks!

Welcome, Jonathan_fucn. :hi:

Good ideas about...? Could you be more specific, please.