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History
Further information:
History of Hindustani
The dialect of Hindustani on which Standard Hindi is based is
Khariboli, the vernacular of
Delhi and the surrounding western
Uttar Pradesh and southern
Uttarakhand . This dialect acquired
linguistic prestige in the
Mughal Empire (1600s) and became known as
Urdu, "the language of the court". In the late 19th century, the movement standardising a written language from Khariboli, for the Indian masses in North India, started to standardise Hindi as a separate language from Urdu, which was learnt by the elite. In 1881
Bihar accepted Hindi as its sole official language, replacing Urdu, and thus became the first state of India to adopt Hindi.
After independence, the government of India instituted the following conventions:[SUP][
original research?][/SUP]
- standardisation of grammar: In 1954, the Government of India set up a committee to prepare a grammar of Hindi; The committee's report was released in 1958 as "A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi"
- standardisation of the orthography, using the Devanagari script, by the Central Hindi Directorate of the Ministry of Education and Culture to bring about uniformity in writing, to improve the shape of some Devanagari characters, and introducing diacritics to express sounds from other languages.
The Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi as the Official Language of the Union on 14 September 1949. Hence, it is celebrated as Hindi Day.
Comparison with Modern Standard Urdu
See also:
Hindi–Urdu controversy,
Hindustani phonology and
Hindustani grammar
Linguistically, Hindi and
Urdu are the same language. Hindi is written in the
Devanagari script and uses more
Sanskrit words, whereas
Urdu is written in the
Persian script and uses more Persian words.Hindi and Urdu speakers 99% understand each other when talking.
