It depends what you're describing.
For example, if you were trying to quickly assess whether something makes financial sense, you might do a "quick and dirty" calculation to see if seems to have a positive result. If so, you'd invest more time in a more rigorous assessment. I've heard that called a "back of the envelope calculation" and I've even heard (thought I don't like it) the verb "pencil" - the quick and dirty assessment done in pencil on the back of the envelope look like they might work: "Those numbers seem to pencil."
If you had company coming over and ran through your house collecting your dirty glasses in your living room, folded the blanket on the couch and straightened the pile of magazines on the coffee table, and maybe ran the dust rag over the end table, you've done a "quick and dirty" tidying up. You might call that also "a lick and a promise" (I have never heard the version with the cat before) meaning you'll do the real cleaning later.