because the words look so familiar, knowing the meaning of the parts does not necessarily aid comprehension

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diamondcutter

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(1) Phrasal verbs are not unique to English, but they are different enough from verbs in many languages of the world, and common enough in English, to pose a significant learning challenge. Perhaps the most challenging dimension is in the meaning, for while there is some semantic systematicity, there's still enough idiomaticity to cause difficulty for students.

(2) Furthermore, the meaning of idiomatic phrasal verbs is not only obscure, it is often deceptive because while one expects to be able to figure out the meaning because the words look so familiar, knowing the meaning of the parts does not necessarily aid comprehension. In other words, part of the challenge of a phrasal verbs is recognizing when you're dealing with compositional as opposed to noncompositional meaning.

Source: The Grammar Book--An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course, the second edition, Marianne Celce-Murcia and Diane Larsen-Freeman

It seems that the second sentence has a mistake because the while-clause doesn’t have a main clause. I’d like to know whether “knowing” should be changed to “and they will know”.
 
Furthermore,
the meaning (of idiomatic phrasal verbs) subject is verb not only obscure,
it subject is verb often deceptive
because
(while one subject expects verb to be able to figure out the meaning
[because
the words subject look verb so familiar]),
knowing (the meaning of the parts) subject does not necessarily aid verb comprehension.
 
No, it's grammatical as it is. Your amendment would be ungrammatical.

I can't work out which part you don't understand. Can you see that knowing the meaning of the parts is the subject of does not aid comprehension?
 
I thought "knowing...comprehension" was a present participle phrase as a whole. Now I know "knowing...parts" is the subject of "does not necessarily aid comprehension".
 
I think the "while" in the second sentence means "although" not "when". What do you say?
 
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