We can.Freeguy;1023625[COLOR=#38332B said:(Why [STRIKE]we cannot[/STRIKE] can't we use which instead of that here ? )
We probably all have.It's a very easy mistake to make when writing tests- I've done it. ;-).
#3 is possible.
Incidentally, the verb should be 'show', not 'shows'.
Still, I have trouble recognizing the best one between THAT and WHICH. It's another question.
The studies about the relation between playing and stimulating the creativity in children in the pre-school age shows that "stimulating the creativity in children ...... to the amount of playing results in what is called innovative thought in a child; because body movement in pre-school ages is the first step of activity, diction, learning, and progress.
1. is directly proportional
2. which is directly proportional
3. that is directly proportional
4. directly proportional to which
( Why not No.3 here? I'm discombobulated by this differences )
5jj, why not 1?
I think that the sentence is quite long and (maybe) a bit awkward, though.
WW
This is another long, complicated sentence that is not well written. As 5jj posted, the verb "shows" should be "show" to agree with "studies".
If I am reading the sentence correctly, the only phrase I would use to fill the blank is #2, and that phrase needs to be set off by commas because it is nonrestrictive. There is an opening quotation mark before "stimulating", but there is no closing quotation mark. Also, I see no reason for the definite article before "creativity". The final clause is a subordinate clause and should not be set off by a semicolon. I also cannot figure out how that clause connects to the phrase "innovative thought". I would probably rephrase that clause and make it a separate sentence.
The studies about the relation between playing and stimulating creativity in pre-school children show that stimulating creativity in children, which is directly proportional to the amount of playing, results in what is called innovative thought in a child.
(because body movement in pre-school ages is the first step of activity, diction, learning, and progress.)
I agree with you that if it was nonrestrictive and if we have comma then only WHICH can work here. However, we don't have comma as you mentioned and I've reached an impasse about the accuracy of No.3 in this case.
The studies about the relation between playing and stimulating the creativity in children in pre-school age (subject) show (verb) that stimulating the creativity in children (subject) is (verb) directly proportional to the amount of playing results [I would parse this as a noun] in what is called innovative thought in a child.
However, I really don’t know whether the sentence would make sense:?:.
WW
Using "results" as a noun doesn't male any sense. I believe that it is a verb there.