Cloze test

[Freeguy]

A century ago the process of choosing a career ....(1) .... a much simpler matter than it is today. A boy often followed in his father's footsteps. His sister learned the household skills that ...(2).. her to become a wife and mother. Nowadays young people grow up in a much freer society where they enjoy ...(3)... almost unlimited career opportunities. In recent years there... (4).... an enormous increase in the kinds of vocations from which it is possible to choose. In addition,many of the barriers to career opportunity that existed only a few decades ago, such as discrimination based on sex or religion or ethnic origins, ....(5)... .

1- 1)was 2) has been 3) had been 4) was been
2- 1)had prepared 2)may prepare 3)was prepared 4) would prepare
3- 1) to have 2) having 3) having had 4) to having
4- 1) had been 2) has been 3) will be 4) would have been
5- 1) will disappear 2) have disappeared 3) are disappearing 4) disappear

I have problem with question 1 and 5.
1- why not has been ?
5- why not are disappearing ?

 

[5jj]

1. Because the time, a century ago, is clearly past.
2. Because they are no longer with us to disappear, They have disappeared.

 

[Freeguy]

When we can use HAS been or HAD been in such questions?
( Another one. What's wrong with MAY in question 2 )

 

[5jj]

When we can use HAS been or HAD been in such questions?

We generally use the present perfect when the situation spoke of began in a time period that continues up to the present moment. It may have ended in that time period, but that is less significant.

We generally use the past perfect when the situation spoke of began in a time period that continued up to a prast moment. It may have ended in that time period, but that is less significant.

( Another one. What's wrong with MAY in question 2 )

We need a past-form modal (could, would, might), not a present-form modal (can, may, will).