I understood what you were trying to say but "of" is the wrong preposition. Here's the natural version:
Two cases have been registered against him - one for theft and the other for robbery.
(Note that I have left "cases have been registered" because it might be right in a variant of English. In the UK, I would expect "He has been charged with two crimes" or something similar.)
In AmE it is very common to refer to criminal charges as "counts". For example: Joe was charged with three counts of armed robbery. By the way, in legal jargon robbery is theft by means of violence or the threat of violence.