The English Language; Its Grammar and History. With Examination Papers. Its Grammar and History. With Examination Papers

By: Henry Lewis

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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1872. Excerpt: ... CHAPTER II. THE PARTS OP SPEECH. In the classification of our words we must be careful that we arrange them exclusively upon the idea of their various functions; that we do not negligently allow any word to belong to more than one class; and that our arrangement shall include every word in the language. Before we arrange our words into parts of speech, it will be well to look for a moment to a wider basis of classification, and to consider how all the words in a language may be resolved into two simple classes--Notional and Relational. Words are the symbols which we employ to express our thoughts. Now, we may exercise our thought either in considering things themselves, or in considering the relations that exist between things. To denote a single thing of which we can conceive, we employ a Notional Word (boy, tree, house, wisdom, running, happy, to danee). To denote a relation which exists between two objects, we either alter the form of the word (John, John's; man, men), or we employ another word (of, here, in, now). When a different word is employed, it is called a Relational Word. Notional words, even when used alone, convey a complete signification to the mind. Relational words have no signification apart from their connexion with other words. Thus all the Pronouns are relational words, and have no distinct signification in a sentence unless properly connected with Substantives. The Pronoun I has no meaning unless it be known who uses it, and he is called demonstrative (i.e. pointing), because it refers to nobody definitely unless its use is accompanied in some way or other with pointing; or in other words, it conveys in itself no distinct notion. The nine classes into which we shall arrange our words are called " Parts of Speech." It is very incorrec...

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