hese have the child’s family name

[keannu]

Japanese preschools give their students a strong feeling of being part of a group. One way this feeling is created is with school uniforms. Each preschool has its own uniform, and they vary in design and color. In preschools where the parents cannot afford uniforms, name tags are issued ; these have the child’s family name, given name, preschool name, and name of the class written on them.The children are often collectively called by this class name when the teachers are speaking to them. All of this provides the children with a sense of belonging.

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Which does "these" refer to? "preschools" or "name tags"?
Can it be interpreted as 2? If not, what is the reason?

1. "Name tags" possess (things) on "name tags" - possessive meaning
2. "Preschools" get (things) written on name tags (by someone)" - causative verb

 

[Rover_KE]

'These' refers to name tags.

 

[keannu]

Why can't it refer to preschools? Why can't "have" function as a causative verb?

 

[Rover_KE]

It wouldn't make sense to have the children's details written on the preschool.

 

[keannu]

Somebody argues these refers to preschools, while them to name tags. But it seems that "them" refers to "these" in the same sentence, not to far things in previous sentences, but someone says "them " is a dangling modifier, which is hard to understand.

 

[Rover_KE]

'Somebody' is talking nonsense.

'These' and 'them' both refer to name tags. Nothing else makes sense and there is no dangling modifier anywhere in the paragraph.

 

[tzfujimino]

Welcome back, keannu.

:-D