By, until

[Ju]

I chose by to finish the following sentence.

"You have by the end of the year to settle your loan."

But the model answer is until.

Any opinion from you all?

Thank you.

 

[SoothingDave]

"Until" is correct.

"By" is correct if worded like this:

"You have to settle your loan by the end of the year."

 

[Ju]

"Until" is correct.

"By" is correct if worded like this:

"You have to settle your loan by the end of the year."

Do you mean by the end of the year must be put at the last of the sentence? If I put it in the middle of a sentence, it is wrong in grammar?

 

[SoothingDave]

I meant what I said. Both of these sentences are correct:

You have until the end of the year to settle your loan.

You have to settle your loan by the end of the year.

 

[Matthew Wai]

You have until the end of the year to settle your loan.

It seems to me that the debtor doesn't have to settle it after the end of the year, am I wrong?

 

[SoothingDave]

It seems to me that the debtor doesn't have to settle it after the end of the year, am I wrong?

Yes, you are wrong. The end of the year is the deadline. After that, there will be penalties. Financial, if from a bank. Broken legs if from a loan shark.

 

[Matthew Wai]

You have until the end of the year to settle your loan.

It seems to me that the construction of the above is the same as that of "You have until the end of the exam to study hard" which should mean that the addressed person doesn't have to do so after the end of it, am I wrong?

a loan shark.

"Usurer" is described as "old-fashioned" in dictionaries, is "loan shark" a fashionable term?

 

[MikeNewYork]

I don't see how one can study during the exam. If one is studying for an exam, one has until the beginning of the exam to study. After the exam, one will probably begin studying for the next exam, and so on.

"Loan shark" is a well known term, at least in AmE. "usurer" is not common.

 

[Matthew Wai]

I don't see how one can study during the exam.

One can study during the exam period if it lasts for certain days.

After the exam, one will probably begin studying for the next exam, and so on.

After the exam, one will probably have a holiday before resuming studies. I guess so.

 

[MikeNewYork]

OK, if the exam goes on for days, that is possible. I have only experienced that in medical specialty boards.

 

[Barb_D]

It seems to me that the construction of the above is the same as that of "You have until the end of the exam to study hard" which should mean that the addressed person doesn't have to do so after the end of it, am I wrong?

It means the person being addressed (not "the addressed person") cannot do so afterwards.
You have until the end of the business day Friday to turn in your report. You can turn it in today, tomorrow, or at 4:58 pm on Friday. But NOT after Friday.

It's always risky to say "by Friday" - does that mean that 12:01 am Friday is too late, or that you have until 11:59 pm Friday? It's best to clarify, as I did in my sample sentence.

 

[SoothingDave]

It seems to me that the construction of the above is the same as that of "You have until the end of the exam to study hard" which should mean that the addressed person doesn't have to do so after the end of it, am I wrong?

It's about context and logic.

"Usurer" is described as "old-fashioned" in dictionaries, is "loan shark" a fashionable term?

"Usury" is not the defining feature of the loan shark. (Some would say that such legal businesses as "payday loans" engage in usury.) It is rather that it is a loan from an unlicensed, unregulated source. That is, from some sort of gangster/mafia/organized criminal.