until now (meaning)

[ademoglu]

Hello.

I have some problem with the usage of 'until now', so I have tried to make three sentences with the their interpretations. Can you please help me with them?

1- Until now, we have not heard from you. (= Now, we have heard from you.)
2- Until now, she has been refusing to call me. (= This has changed. Now she has agreed.)
3- Until now, she has been calling me. (= Has she stopped calling me or not?)

I think my interpretations for sentences 1 and 2 are OK but I cannot say anything for the last one.

 

[emsr2d2]

Hello.

I have some problems with the usage of 'until now', so I have tried to make three sentences with the [STRIKE]their[/STRIKE] three interpretations. Can you please help me with them?

1- Until now, we have not heard from you. (= Now, we have heard from you.) From an unspecified point into the past until the point of speaking.
2- Until now, she has been refusing to call me. (= This has changed. Now she has agreed.) It's likely that she is no longer refusing to call you but it's not certain.
3- Until now, she has been calling me. (= Has she stopped calling me or not?) It's hard to say. It's not a natural sentence.

I think my interpretations [STRIKE]for[/STRIKE] of sentences 1 and 2 are OK but I cannot say [STRIKE]anything[/STRIKE] for certain about the last one.

See above.

Sentence 3 would work with some additional information. For example, "Until now, she's been calling me three times a day!"