from vs by

[Jaskin]

hi,

/A learner/
Originally Posted by Jaskin
hi,

As far as I understand,the present participle is the -ing form of a verb used as adjective..

The shooting (is/was) going on and on..
Is the going here the present participle or the gerund used as an adjective?
I'm not quite sure how to address your question. Let's distinguish two things: form of a word [verb+ing] and its function.
As I've already said, in my understanding when the word [verb+ing] is used as a noun it's called gerund; when used as an adjective it's present participle.
So if your question was :
Is the going here the present participle or the gerund [STRIKE]used as an adjective[/STRIKE]?
I would have to say neither.

..in other words it should modify a noun; regardless whether we are talking about specific meeting or a particular one.
What is the difference between the specific meeting and the particular meeting?
It's a mistake on my part I was writing in a hurry I meant :
egardless whether we are talking about any meeting or a particular one.
[...] going to meetings.
[...] going to the meeting [...]
cheers

Going to the meeting, I benefited the fresh air.
Going to the meeting I met Mark.

What is "going" here in these sentences? The present participle or the gerund?

In these sentences I'd say it's present participle “Going to the meeting” it's a participle phrase that modifies “I”

Cheers

 

[Pedroski]

What is the difference between the use of from or by?
" We are going to benefit by/from their relocation to our city" The meaning is the same with from or by.

'by' has lots and lots of senses: next to, through use of, how something happens, too many to mention here.

In your sentence I would say it is the instrumentive case in English, the agent of passive sentences. I don't know any Polish, but I believe Russian and Polish still have the Instrumental Case.

'from' and 'of' are very similar in meaning. Originally 'from' meant move forward, 'of' meant away, up The difference is really in the standpoint of the observer, the movement indicated being the same.
'he is from a good family' 'he is of a good family' 'of' is used to indicate genitive case in English, ever since translators chose it to translate Old French and Latin 'de'.

So I think that:

We are going to benefit (by their relocation to our city.) English Instrumental Case
benefit through (their relocation to our city.)

We are going to benefit (from their relocation to our city.) English Dative Case
have benefit from (their relocation to our city.)

We are going to have the benefit (of their relocation to our city.) English Genitive Case

If your language clearly marks these cases, translate it into your language and look!

Translating into German, I can only really get one sentence. Maybe Nightmare can translate them into three different sentences.

 

[OPENED EYES]

please note : I am not a teacher or native speaker!
I am just a learner so feel free to correct to me if I made a mistake!

I'll benefit by going to the meeting this afternoon.

going ~ the present participle

I'll benefit from going to meetings. (not the particular meeting)

going ~ the gerund

This is what I thought when submitted my last post.

Anyway I don't know why to use "by" instead of 'from"?
Isn't "from" good enough for all the cases?

I think that (( going )) in two sentences is gerund because it is niether adjective (( followed by noun )) nor verb (( preceded by verb to be )).
The other thing I'd like to say that when I searched for (( benefit )) in my dictionaries I found that it can be followed by (( from or by )) the two mean (( to helped by )) and I think there is no rule or difference but the commonly used is (( benefit from )).

I am looking forward to hear from our teachers here because their opinion will give us final answer.
Cheers!