I'm confused. What does the ban on extracurricular courses have to do with anything? Is your friend's language school not a standard school then? Is it technically operating outside the law? Why does the fact that there's a maximum of six students in each class make any difference?
The central government introduced a policy called the "Double Reduction" a couple of years ago. Its goal was to reduce the heavy homework load and the number of after-school academic classes for students across China. To give you some context, back in 2019, it was common for students to attend various extracurricular classes in subjects like math, Chinese, English, biology and so on, just to keep up with the intense competition for entrance exams. These exams, especially the college entrance exam (Gaokao), were long seen as the sole measure of a student's ability to get into university.
However, this intense pressure started to have serious consequences. More and more students began suffering from mental health issues, and tragically, some even committed suicide, largely due to the overwhelming amount of schoolwork and extracurricular commitments. That's why the Double Reduction policy was put in place. By banning these academic after-school classes, the hope was to reduce student stress.
Regarding my friend's language school, it's not a formal school but more like her own private studio. Because she has quite a few students—around 40 to 50—and wants to earn more, she needs to hire extra teachers to help manage them. The reason her operation exists in a bit of a legal grey area is because the Double Reduction policy essentially prohibits teaching academic subjects like English outside of the regular school system. So, technically, offering English classes in a private setting would be against the rules. However, she gets around this by branding her lessons as "illustrated book reading" activities. By framing it this way, she can continue teaching without drawing official scrutiny.
As for your last question about class size, the limit of six students per class isn't really about the law in her case. It's more about practicality and business. Since she has a fixed number of students (40 to 50), dividing them into smaller groups allows her to offer more class sessions, which in turn lets her earn more income. It's a way to manage her workload while maximizing her earnings.